Balancing Mission and Money:
Building Sustainable Electronic Networks for Civil Society

Case studies from the Association for Progressive Communications (APC)

Written by Mark Surman

Introduction | Blazing the Trail For Online Community| Building Sustainability | When New Technologies Get Old | Walking the Tightrope | From Pioneers to Platforms | Making the Transition from Dial-Up to Portal | Learning from the APC | Works Cited

Works Cited

Hansell, Saul."Now, AOL Everywhere" in New York Times page BU1, July 4, 1999.

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking About Electric Communication in the Late 19th Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

McChesney, Robert W. Telecommunications, Mass Media, and Democracy: The Battle for the Control of U.S. Broadcasting, 1928-1935, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Sallin, Susan. The Association for Progressive Communications: A Cooperative Effort to Meet the Information Needs of Non-Governmental Organizations. New York – Harvard/CIESIN Project on Global Environmental Change, 1994 (http://www.laspau.harvard.edu/IT-eco/APCH.shtml)

Surman, Mark. Wired Words: Utopia, Revolution and the History of Electronic Highways. Toronto – Commons Consulting, 1995. (http://commons.web.net/wiredwords/default.shtml)

Interviews with:

Hancherow, Tonya – Executive Director, Web Networks – June 1999

Roggerio, Roberto – Executive Director, INTERCOM – October 1998 and June 1999

Klinkera, Vasek – Executive Director, Econnect – May 1999

Fall, Moussa – Internet Manager, ENDA – October 1998 and June 1999

Esterhuysen, Anriette – Executive Director, SangoNet – June 1999

Haverkamp, Jan – Fundraising Director, Econnect – June 1999

Nagy, Agoston – Partnership Director, Greenspider – June 1999

Afonso, Carlos – Former Director, Alternex – July 1999

Wilson, Paul – Former Director, Pegasus – June 1999

Additional research by Karri Munn-Venn. Editing by Katherine Rielly and Maureen James.